Technical SEO
Titles, canonicals, robots, sitemaps, links and everything that decides whether a page can rank.
Guides
- SEO17 min read
AI brand mentions: how to find and fix what AI says about you
How to check what ChatGPT, Claude, Perplexity and Google AI Mode say about your brand, sort each mention, and correct wrong facts where they come from.Updated 8 Nov 2026 - SEO17 min read
AI Overview tracking: how to see where Google shows your pages
Every way to track whether your pages appear in Google AI Overviews and AI Mode: what Search Console, rank trackers, analytics and logs show, and what each one misses.Updated 7 Nov 2026 - SEO17 min read
LLM visibility: see which pages AI answers use, from your own data
LLM visibility, page by page: which of your pages ChatGPT, Claude and Perplexity read, fetch for live answers, cite and send visitors to, measured from your server log and analytics.Updated 6 Nov 2026 - SEO17 min read
LLM SEO: the two ways language models use your site
A language model can know your site from its training data or read it live when someone asks. Which bots feed each route, how fast changes show, and what to do.Updated 5 Nov 2026 - SEO17 min read
ChatGPT SEO: what it is good at and what to test
ChatGPT is a fast drafting partner for SEO and an unreliable source of SEO data. Which tasks to hand it, which outputs fail most often, and how to test each one before it ships.Updated 4 Nov 2026 - SEO17 min read
AI SEO tools: what each kind can and cannot see
Six kinds of software sell themselves as AI SEO tools. What each kind measures, where its data comes from, what it cannot see, and which free option does the same job.Updated 3 Nov 2026 - SEO24 min read
Google AI Mode: what it is and how your site gets into it
What Google AI Mode is, where it works and how to avoid it, then the site-owner side: how it picks sources, the controls that work and how to measure it.Updated 2 Nov 2026 - SEO11 min read
How to improve brand visibility in AI search engines
Being named and recommended in AI answers is different work from getting pages cited. Where assistants learn brand reputation, and which levers are real.Updated 25 Oct 2026 - SEO18 min read
'Crawled - currently not indexed': what it means and how to fix it
Google fetched the page, read it and left it out of the index. What the status means next to its neighbours in the Page indexing report, the causes in order of likelihood, a raw-HTML test you can repeat, and the fix per platform.Updated 20 Oct 2026 - SEO12 min read
429 too many requests: what it means and how to fix it
A 429 too many requests error means a rate limit fired: some client asked faster than the server allows, and that client can be you, your office, your crawler or your own site. Visitor fixes first, then both owner sides.Updated 19 Oct 2026 - SEO11 min read
Perplexity SEO: how Perplexity picks its citations
Perplexity cites sources in every answer and documents more about its crawlers than most AI engines. How it picks citations, and how to get your pages in.Updated 17 Oct 2026 - SEO13 min read
504 error: what gateway timeout means and how to fix it
A 504 error means a proxy in front of the website waited for the server behind it to answer and gave up. Visitor fixes first, then how owners find the request that times out and fix it without blindly raising timeouts.Updated 16 Oct 2026 - SEO20 min read
Google AI Overviews: how to rank in them and what you control
How to rank in Google AI Overviews: how Google picks the pages it links, how to optimize your content, the opt-out controls, and how to track your visibility in Search Console.Updated 16 Oct 2026 - SEO13 min read
503 error: what service unavailable means and how to fix it
A 503 service unavailable error means the server is running and deliberately refusing requests for now: maintenance, overload or a rate limit. The visitor fix first, then how owners end each cause cleanly.Updated 14 Oct 2026 - SEO14 min read
AI search engines in 2026: who answers, who cites, who crawls
The AI search engines that matter in 2026 (ChatGPT, Perplexity, Google's AI features, Copilot and Claude) compared by index, crawlers and citations.Updated 13 Oct 2026 - SEO13 min read
What is SEO? Search engine optimization in plain language
SEO is the work of making your pages easy for search engines to find, understand and recommend. What it covers, what it costs and where to start.Updated 12 Oct 2026 - SEO13 min read
403 forbidden: every cause and its fix
A 403 forbidden error means the server received the request and refuses to serve the page. What visitors can try, and every owner-side cause with its fix.Updated 10 Oct 2026 - SEO13 min read
502 bad gateway: what it means and how to fix it
A 502 bad gateway error means a proxy in front of the website asked the server behind it for the page and got no valid answer. The quick fix for visitors, then the owner's diagnosis, log lines and commands.Updated 7 Oct 2026 - SEO12 min read
AI visibility: what it is and how to measure it
AI visibility is how often AI assistants read your site, cite it in answers and send you visitors. Most of it is measurable with data you already have.Updated 5 Oct 2026 - SEO21 min read
301 redirects: what they are, when to use them and how they affect SEO
A 301 redirect tells browsers and search engines that a page has moved for good and sends them to the new address. What it does, when to use it and how to keep your rankings.Updated 4 Oct 2026 - SEO14 min read
301 vs 302 redirect: which to use, and when 307 or 308 fit
Use a 301 redirect when a page has moved for good and a 302 when the old address will come back. What each code tells browsers and Google, where 307 and 308 fit, and which one your server sends by default.Updated 4 Oct 2026 - SEO13 min read
500 Internal Server Error: causes and fixes for site owners
A 500 Internal Server Error means the server hit a problem it could not handle while building the page. What visitors can do, and how site owners find the cause and fix it.Updated 4 Oct 2026 - SEO10 min read
CSR vs SSR: which rendering is better for SEO and speed?
CSR vs SSR is the choice between building the page in the visitor's browser or on the server. For pages that must rank, server-side rendering or static generation wins; client-side rendering suits pages behind a login. How each works, what it does to crawling and Core Web Vitals, and how to choose per page.Updated 4 Oct 2026 - SEO13 min read
ERR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS: how to fix a redirect loop
ERR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS means the page keeps redirecting in a circle, so the browser gives up. The visitor fix, and how site owners find the two rules that fight and fix them.Updated 4 Oct 2026 - SEO11 min read
Favicon and touch icons: sizes and formats that work everywhere
Four files cover every browser tab, Google result, iPhone home screen and Android install prompt. The sizes, formats and link tags, one script to generate them, and how to check the result.Updated 4 Oct 2026 - SEO13 min read
How to do a 301 redirect on Apache, nginx, Cloudflare, WordPress, Netlify and Vercel
How to do a 301 redirect wherever your site runs: copy-ready rules for Apache, nginx, Cloudflare, WordPress, Netlify and Vercel, for one page or a whole list, and how to test them.Updated 4 Oct 2026 - SEO14 min read
Internal links: how many, where, and with what anchor text
Internal links are how Google finds your pages and how ranking signal moves between them. Realistic numbers per page, where links count most, anchor text that works, and a 15-minute audit.Updated 4 Oct 2026 - SEO20 min read
International SEO: site structure, hreflang and language targeting
International SEO makes search engines show the right language and country version of your site to each searcher. The decisions, the signals Google uses and how to check them.Updated 4 Oct 2026 - SEO11 min read
Meta refresh and JavaScript redirects: how Google treats them and when to use one
A meta refresh redirect or a JavaScript redirect moves visitors after the page has loaded, not on the server. How Google treats each, when they are the only option and how to write one safely.Updated 4 Oct 2026 - SEO10 min read
Nginx and Apache access logs: where to find them and how to read them
Where the nginx access log and the Apache access log live, what each field of the combined log format means, how to change the log format, and the commands that answer common questions.Updated 4 Oct 2026 - SEO13 min read
Nofollow, sponsored and ugc: link attributes explained
Which rel attribute goes on paid links, comment links and links you do not vouch for, why none belongs on your own links, and how to read the report's nofollow share finding. With WordPress examples.Updated 4 Oct 2026 - SEO14 min read
Noindex: the robots meta tag, nofollow and every other directive
A noindex directive keeps a page out of search results. This reference covers the robots meta tag and X-Robots-Tag header, every directive Google supports, how they differ from robots.txt and rel="nofollow", and which to use when.Updated 4 Oct 2026 - SEO14 min read
Redirect vs canonical tag vs noindex: which to use for each page
A 301 redirect moves visitors and search engines to another URL, a canonical tag keeps the page but asks Google to index another URL, and noindex keeps the page out of search. How each works, a decision table for 16 common cases, and the combinations to avoid.Updated 4 Oct 2026 - SEO14 min read
URL forwarding: how to redirect a domain to another domain, path by path
URL forwarding done right: redirect a whole domain, or an extra or old domain, to another one with a 301 that keeps every path and query string. Setups for Cloudflare, Apache, nginx, cPanel and registrar forwarding, and how to test them.Updated 4 Oct 2026 - SEO13 min read
URL length and structure: what actually matters
URLs are a minor ranking signal and a major usability one. The rules that hold up for length, words, folders and parameters, when to change an existing URL, and which permalink setting to pick.Updated 4 Oct 2026 - SEO14 min read
AI SEO: how to make your site visible in AI search
AI SEO is the work of making your site visible in AI search: let AI crawlers read your pages, serve text they can parse and publish answers worth citing.Updated 2 Oct 2026 - SEO11 min read
How often does Google crawl a site? Crawl rate and the Crawl stats report
How often Google crawls a site depends on how much it wants your pages and how much your server can take. How to read the real crawl rate in Search Console's Crawl stats report and your logs, and how to get pages crawled sooner.Updated 28 Sept 2026 - SEO21 min read
Website migration SEO: plan, redirect and verify a move without losing traffic
A website migration moves a site to a new domain, platform, URL structure or host. How to plan it, redirect every old URL and verify the move so search traffic survives.Updated 28 Sept 2026 - SEO12 min read
Can Google crawl JavaScript? How Googlebot renders and indexes it
Yes, Google crawls and renders JavaScript: Googlebot fetches the HTML, queues the page, runs your scripts in an up-to-date Chromium and indexes the result. What that render can and cannot see, how long it takes, and how to check what Google got.Updated 27 Sept 2026 - SEO13 min read
Crawl budget: what it is, when it matters and how to optimise it
Crawl budget is the set of URLs Google can and wants to crawl on your site. It matters for sites with 10,000+ fast-changing pages or a million-plus pages; below that, slow indexing has other causes. How to tell, and what to fix.Updated 27 Sept 2026 - SEO13 min read
Faceted navigation and parameter URLs: keeping filters out of the index
Filters, sort options and tracking tags turn one category into thousands of URLs. Learn which parameter URLs to index, canonicalise, noindex or block, how to handle utm and click ids, and how to see what Googlebot crawls.Updated 27 Sept 2026 - SEO13 min read
H1 tag: one per page, and a heading order that makes sense
The H1 tag is the main heading of a page. Give every page one clear H1 and a heading outline without skipped levels, so readers, screen reader users and search engines can follow it, in WordPress, Shopify or HTML.Updated 27 Sept 2026 - SEO11 min read
Hreflang errors: fix missing return links, self-references and conflicts
Hreflang errors mean Google cannot confirm your language set, so it ignores some or all of it. What each error audit tools report means, from missing return links to conflicts, and how to fix it at the source.Updated 27 Sept 2026 - SEO13 min read
Meta description: how long, what to write, and why Google rewrites it
A meta description is the short summary of a page that Google may show under your result. It does not rank you, but it wins the click. Learn the length that fits, what to write and why Google replaces yours.Updated 27 Sept 2026 - SEO21 min read
Meta tags for SEO: the ones that matter and the ones to ignore
Meta tags are the lines in a page's head that tell Google, browsers and social apps what the page is. See which ones affect search, which Google ignores, and copy-paste examples for each.Updated 27 Sept 2026 - SEO12 min read
On-page SEO checklist: 12 checks to audit any page
An on-page SEO checklist of 12 checks for a single URL, from indexability, title and headings to links, images and structured data, with what counts as a pass and how to audit the page in a minute.Updated 27 Sept 2026 - SEO14 min read
Redirect chains: find every hop and flatten it to one
A redirect chain is a URL that redirects to another URL that redirects again. Why chains appear after migrations, what they cost visitors and crawlers, and how to find every hop and flatten it into a single 301.Updated 27 Sept 2026 - SEO14 min read
Redirect mapping for a site migration: build, check and test the map
A redirect map pairs every old URL with its new one. How to collect the old URLs, match them, handle pages with no equivalent, turn the map into rules and test it before and after launch.Updated 27 Sept 2026 - SEO11 min read
robots.txt Disallow: block what you mean, not your whole site
A robots.txt Disallow rule tells crawlers not to fetch the paths it matches: one folder, one file type or, with Disallow: /, the entire site. How to write the rule you need, how to allow everything, and how to spot and undo an accidental site-wide block.Updated 27 Sept 2026 - SEO12 min read
robots.txt examples: syntax, wildcards, Allow and crawl-delay
Copy-paste robots.txt examples for a typical site, WordPress, a shop, a Next.js app and AI crawlers, with the syntax behind them: user-agent groups, Allow and Disallow, wildcards, the Sitemap line and why crawl-delay does nothing for Google.Updated 27 Sept 2026 - SEO14 min read
SEO log file analysis: a step-by-step guide to your server logs
SEO log file analysis means reading your server access log to see what Googlebot and AI crawlers really requested and what your server answered. Get the log, find the crawl waste, check for fake bots and fix it.Updated 27 Sept 2026 - SEO13 min read
SEO migration checklist: before, during and after a site move
A printable SEO migration checklist for a new domain, https or a new CMS: what to do before launch, on launch day and in the weeks after, with the checks that catch the classic mistakes.Updated 27 Sept 2026 - SEO13 min read
SEO monitoring: what to watch between audits, and how to get alerts
SEO monitoring is checking the signals that break quietly between audits, such as indexing, noindex and canonical tags, speed, certificates and page text, with alerts for the urgent ones and a 30-minute monthly pass for the rest.Updated 27 Sept 2026 - SEO10 min read
Sitemap "Couldn't fetch" in Search Console, and the other sitemap errors
"Couldn't fetch" in Search Console means Google could not download your sitemap, or has not processed it yet. How to tell which, fix the cause, and fix "Sitemap could not be read", invalid dates, blocked URLs and the other sitemap errors.Updated 27 Sept 2026 - SEO11 min read
Sitemap priority, changefreq and lastmod: which ones search engines use
Google and Bing ignore sitemap priority and changefreq; the only optional field they act on is lastmod, and only while it stays accurate. What each tag means, why you can drop the first two, and how to set lastmod so it keeps working.Updated 27 Sept 2026 - SEO13 min read
Title tag: how to write one that ranks and gets clicked
The title tag is the clickable headline Google shows for your page and a ranking signal. Learn what it is, how to write one Google keeps, patterns and examples per page type, and where to set it in WordPress and Shopify.Updated 27 Sept 2026 - SEO13 min read
Website launch checklist: 30 checks before a new site goes live
A website launch checklist of 30 checks for a new site or redesign, from noindex and redirects to forms and backups, with how to verify each one and a launch-day sequence to copy.Updated 27 Sept 2026 - SEO11 min read
"Blocked by robots.txt" in Search Console: what it means and how to fix it
"Blocked by robots.txt" means a rule in your robots.txt stops Google from crawling a URL; "Indexed, though blocked by robots.txt" means Google indexed it anyway. How to tell whether to fix each and how.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO11 min read
404 errors and SEO: which ones hurt, which to fix and which to leave
404 errors do not get your site penalised, but some of them cost you rankings, links and visitors. What Google says about 404s, which ones are worth fixing, which to leave alone, and how to triage the list in Search Console.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO10 min read
Alternate page with proper canonical tag: what it means and when to act
"Alternate page with proper canonical tag" in Search Console means the page points its canonical at another URL and Google agreed, so only the other URL is indexed. Usually nothing needs fixing; here is how to spot the cases that do.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO9 min read
Angular SEO: server rendering, prerendering and route metadata
Angular SEO starts with turning on server-side rendering or prerendering, because a default Angular app renders in the browser. How to set it up with @angular/ssr, choose a render mode per route, and set titles, meta tags, canonicals and status codes.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO14 min read
Answer engine optimization vs GEO vs SEO: what actually differs
Answer engine optimization (AEO) is the work of getting your content used as the direct answer in search features and AI assistants. How it compares with GEO and SEO, and which differences are technical rather than labels.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO10 min read
Broken backlinks: find the links you lost and win them back
Broken backlinks are links from other sites to pages on yours that no longer exist. How to find them with Search Console and a bulk status check, redirect each one to the right page, and stop new ones appearing.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO12 min read
Broken internal links: find them and fix them at the source
Broken internal links are links between your own pages that lead to a 404 or an error. Where they hide (menus, templates, content), how to find every copy, and how to fix them at the source so they stay fixed.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO22 min read
Broken links: how to find them, fix them and stop new ones
Broken links are links that lead to a page that no longer answers, with a 404, a server error or nothing at all. How to find them, fix each kind and stop new ones.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO11 min read
Can AI crawlers execute JavaScript? Which ones render and which do not
Most AI crawlers cannot execute JavaScript: GPTBot, OAI-SearchBot, ClaudeBot and PerplexityBot read only the HTML your server sends. Which crawlers render, what that hides on your site and how to fix it.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO22 min read
Canonical tags explained: what rel=canonical does, how to set it, every mistake we see
A canonical tag is a line in a page's head that names the URL search engines should index when the same content lives at several addresses.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO11 min read
Changing domain name without losing SEO: redirects, Change of Address and what to expect
Changing your domain name keeps its rankings when every old URL redirects in one hop, Google is told through Change of Address, and every reference moves to the new domain. The steps, in order.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO13 min read
CMS migration SEO: change platform without losing URLs, metadata or schema
Moving from WordPress to Shopify, Webflow or a headless setup changes more than the design. How to keep URLs where you can, redirect the rest and carry titles, descriptions, structured data and content across.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO13 min read
Duplicate content: what it is, whether it hurts SEO, and how to fix it
Duplicate content is the same or nearly the same content at more than one URL. There is no penalty for normal duplication, but it splits signals and lets Google pick the URL. How to find and consolidate it.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO13 min read
Duplicate without user-selected canonical: what it means and how to fix it
"Duplicate without user-selected canonical" in Search Console means Google sees the page as a copy of another URL, the page names no canonical, and Google indexed the other URL. When to act and how.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO10 min read
Dynamic rendering and prerendering: when they help and when to move on
Dynamic rendering serves crawlers a prerendered HTML snapshot while visitors get the JavaScript app. Google now calls it a workaround, not a long-term solution. How it works, when it is still worth it, the risks, and how build-time prerendering differs.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO16 min read
Ecommerce SEO audit: the technical checks every online shop needs
An ecommerce SEO audit checks what a normal site audit misses in a shop: filter and sort URLs, products in several categories, variants, out-of-stock pages, product schema and category page speed.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO9 min read
Fake Googlebot: how to verify Googlebot IP addresses
A fake Googlebot is a scraper or scanner that sends Googlebot's user agent. How to verify a real Googlebot IP address with reverse DNS or Google's published IP ranges, and what to do with the fakes.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO23 min read
Generative engine optimization: get read and cited by AI search
Generative engine optimization (GEO) is the work of getting your pages read and cited by AI search like ChatGPT, Perplexity and Google AI Overviews. What is documented, what is opinion, what to do.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO23 min read
Googlebot and crawling: how search and AI bots crawl your site
Googlebot is the crawler Google Search uses to fetch web pages. How it finds, fetches and renders your pages, how Bingbot and AI crawlers differ, and what your server logs show about all of them.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO9 min read
Googlebot user agent strings: every Google crawler and what it does
The Googlebot user agent strings for Smartphone and Desktop, the other Google crawlers you will meet in a log, the robots.txt token each obeys, and the Bingbot strings for comparison.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO9 min read
How to add a canonical tag in WordPress and Shopify
Where WordPress core, Yoast SEO, Rank Math, All in One SEO and Shopify themes print the canonical tag, how to change it for one page or a whole template, and how to fix the duplicates each platform tends to create.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO11 min read
How to create a sitemap: by CMS, by generator or by hand
How to create a sitemap for any site: check whether your CMS already makes one, switch it on in WordPress, Shopify, Wix or a framework, generate one by crawling, or write the XML yourself, then publish and submit it.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO10 min read
How to detect AI crawlers on your website using server logs
How to detect AI crawlers on your website: find GPTBot, ClaudeBot, PerplexityBot and others in your access log, verify they are real, and measure their share of your requests and bandwidth.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO8 min read
How to find the sitemap of any website
How to find the sitemap of a website, yours or anyone else's: read robots.txt, try the common sitemap paths, use the default address for each CMS, and what it means when none of them answer.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO9 min read
How to submit a sitemap to Google, Bing and every other crawler
How to submit your sitemap to Google in Search Console, step by step, add it to Bing Webmaster Tools, declare it in robots.txt so every crawler finds it, and read the statuses Search Console shows afterwards.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO11 min read
hreflang and canonical tags: how to use them together
hreflang and canonical tags do different jobs, and they only work together when every language version is canonical to itself. The rules, examples for tricky cases, and the conflicts that make Google ignore your hreflang.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO11 min read
hreflang language and region codes: the reference table
hreflang language codes are ISO 639-1 two-letter codes, optionally followed by an ISO 3166-1 country code or an ISO 15924 script. A reference of valid codes for Spanish, English and other common languages, the look-alikes Google ignores, and how to choose.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO14 min read
hreflang: what it is and how to implement it
hreflang tells Google which language or country version of a page to show each searcher. The syntax, the three places it can live, working examples and the rules that make it count.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO9 min read
HTML sitemap vs XML sitemap: who each is for and whether you need both
An HTML sitemap is a page for people that links to the main sections of a site; an XML sitemap is a file for search engines. What each does, when an HTML sitemap is worth building, and how to make a good one.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO17 min read
HTTP status codes: the full list for site owners, with SEO effects
HTTP status codes are the three-digit answers a server gives to every request. Every code a site owner meets, what browsers do with it and how Google treats it.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO11 min read
HTTPS migration SEO: move from http to https without losing rankings
Moving from http to https changes every URL on your site. The SEO steps in the right order: certificate, one-hop redirects, canonicals, sitemaps, mixed content, Search Console and HSTS last.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO10 min read
Infinite scroll SEO: load-more lists Google can still crawl
Infinite scroll SEO means building the list as ordinary paginated pages first, then adding scrolling on top, so Google can reach every item without scrolling. The pattern, the code and how to check it.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO22 min read
JavaScript SEO: how search and AI crawlers read JavaScript sites
JavaScript SEO makes sure search engines and AI crawlers can find, render and index a site built with JavaScript. How Google handles scripts, what breaks, and how to fix it.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO16 min read
llms.txt: what it is, who reads it and how to write one
What the llms.txt proposal is, which AI tools actually read it and which do not, how to write one with real examples, where it goes, llms-full.txt, and how it differs from robots.txt.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO12 min read
Meta description examples: 11 before-and-after rewrites by page type
Eleven meta description examples, each shown before and after a rewrite, for home, category, product, article, local, SaaS, pricing, recipe, about, contact and event pages, plus the four-part formula behind them.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO11 min read
Meta keywords: what they are and why Google ignores them
Meta keywords are a list of words in a page's head that once told search engines what the page was about. Google has ignored them since 2009. What the tag is, whether any engine still reads it, and what to do with an old one.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO15 min read
Mobile SEO checklist: 24 checks for a mobile-first Google
A mobile SEO checklist for the way Google indexes today: what Googlebot Smartphone must be able to fetch, content parity with desktop, viewport, text and tap targets, interstitials and mobile speed, with a free way to audit each check.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO15 min read
Mobile-first indexing: what Google reads on your mobile pages and what to check
Mobile-first indexing means Google crawls, indexes and ranks the version of your page a smartphone gets. What that changes for SEO, and the parity checks that keep mobile pages complete.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO10 min read
Next.js SEO: metadata, rendering, sitemaps and canonicals
Next.js SEO is mostly configuration: the framework renders on the server by default, so the work is setting metadata, canonicals, sitemaps and status codes correctly per route. What to set in the App Router and the pitfalls that undo it.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO10 min read
Noindex in robots.txt: why it does not work and what to use instead
A Noindex line in robots.txt does nothing in Google since September 2019. Why it never really worked, how robots.txt and noindex differ, and how to move each old rule to a meta tag or an X-Robots-Tag header.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO8 min read
Nuxt SEO and Vue SEO: rendering, meta tags and sitemaps
Nuxt SEO starts from a good default, because Nuxt renders on the server out of the box; plain Vue renders in the browser. How to keep content in the server HTML, set meta tags with useSeoMeta, mix render modes with routeRules, and add a sitemap and robots.txt.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO10 min read
React SEO: how to make a React app indexable
React SEO comes down to one decision: whether your pages reach crawlers as finished HTML or as an empty div. The pitfalls of client-side React, the rendering options that fix them and how to set titles and canonicals per route.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO19 min read
robots.txt: what it is, how it works and how to write one that does not hide your site
robots.txt is the plain text file that tells search engines and other crawlers which URLs on your site they may fetch. Learn how it works, how Google reads it, a safe file to start from and the mistakes that hide sites.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO22 min read
SEO audit checklist: 45 checks for a whole site, in the order that matters
An SEO audit checklist for a whole site: what to check, how to verify each item for free and what counts as a pass, from indexing and robots.txt to templates, links, speed and Search Console.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO11 min read
SEO audit cost: what you pay for, and what you can do free
What an SEO audit costs depends on who does it, how big the site is and how much strategy is included. What you get at each level, from a free self-audit to an agency project, how to judge a quote, and when paying is worth it.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO12 min read
SEO audit report template: what to include, with a sample you can copy
An SEO audit template that turns findings into decisions: the sections an SEO audit report needs, a Markdown template to copy, a filled-in sample, and how a shareable getReport link fits in.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO11 min read
SEO for ChatGPT: how to get your site found and cited
SEO for ChatGPT comes down to three things: let OAI-SearchBot in, be findable in the search indexes ChatGPT uses, and publish pages that answer questions clearly. Step by step, with what OpenAI documents.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO10 min read
SEO for single page applications: URLs, titles and status codes
SEO in a single page application depends on treating every view as a real page: its own URL, its own title and canonical, crawlable links and an honest status code. How to get each right, whatever framework you use.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO11 min read
SEO title length: how many characters fit before Google cuts it
The SEO title length that fits Google results: why there is no official limit, why pixels decide the cut rather than characters, and how to keep 30-60 characters with the key words first.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO10 min read
Sitemap examples: annotated sitemap.xml files you can copy
Copy-ready sitemap examples, each annotated line by line: a basic sitemap.xml, a sitemap index, image, video and news sitemaps, hreflang in a sitemap and a plain text sitemap, with the format rules each one must follow.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO16 min read
Technical SEO issues: the 15 most common and how to fix each
The technical SEO issues that turn up on almost every site, from a stray noindex to redirect chains and JavaScript-only content: how to spot each one, what it costs you and the fix.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO26 min read
Technical SEO: crawling, indexing, speed and the fixes that matter
Technical SEO makes sure search engines can crawl, render, index and understand your pages. The elements that matter, how to audit them and what to fix first.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO10 min read
Video, image and news sitemaps: when they are worth adding
A video sitemap tells Google about videos on your pages that it might miss: the thumbnail, title, description and file or player. When video, image and news sitemaps help, the tags Google still reads, and when you can skip them.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO12 min read
What is a 404 error, and how do you fix one?
A 404 error means the server was reached but has no page at that address. What visitors can do, why your site returns 404s and how to fix the ones that matter.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO21 min read
XML sitemaps: what they are, what to put in them and how Google uses them
An XML sitemap is a file that lists the pages you want search engines to find, with the date each one last changed. Learn what goes in sitemap.xml, how Google uses it, who needs one and how to create and submit it.Updated 26 Sept 2026 - SEO13 min read
'Discovered - currently not indexed': what it means and what to do
Google knows the URL and has not fetched it. How that differs from "Crawled - currently not indexed", the real causes on small sites in order of likelihood, and a 20-minute triage with three checks.Updated 25 Sept 2026 - SEO12 min read
404 vs 410 vs redirect: what to do with removed pages
When a page goes, choose per URL between a 301 to its equivalent, a 410 for pages gone for good, or a plain 404. This guide gives the decision rules, the server snippets and the bulk workflow for a whole list of removed URLs.Updated 25 Sept 2026 - SEO14 min read
AI crawlers and robots.txt: who fetches your site and how to decide
GPTBot, ClaudeBot, PerplexityBot and 15 more read your robots.txt. See which ones train models and which send visitors, copy a robots.txt that matches your site, and add a valid llms.txt.Updated 25 Sept 2026 - SEO10 min read
AMP in 2026: keep it or remove it, and how to remove it safely
AMP no longer earns a place in Top Stories or a ranking boost, and it doubles the pages you maintain. Who still benefits, what it costs, and the order of steps that removes it without losing traffic.Updated 25 Sept 2026 - SEO11 min read
Breadcrumbs: navigation and structured data together
A breadcrumb trail tells visitors where they are and lets Google print a readable path in your listing. Build the visible trail and the BreadcrumbList JSON-LD once, with HTML and WordPress settings.Updated 25 Sept 2026 - SEO12 min read
Canonicals across domains: syndication, mirrors and republishing
When one article lives on two domains, learn which case needs a cross-domain canonical, which needs noindex and which needs a redirect, with Google's current syndication advice and code.Updated 25 Sept 2026 - SEO12 min read
Duplicate titles and descriptions across a site
Two pages with the same title look like one page to Google and like two identical options to a searcher. Find every duplicate on your site in an afternoon and fix the templates for good.Updated 25 Sept 2026 - SEO11 min read
hreflang in sitemaps vs in HTML: pick one and keep it consistent
hreflang can live in the page head, in an HTTP header or in the XML sitemap. This guide compares the three, shows a working sample of each, and explains how to pick one so the sets never disagree.Updated 25 Sept 2026 - SEO13 min read
International sites: subfolder vs subdomain vs ccTLD, by the numbers
Choose between example.com/de/, de.example.com and example.de with a trade-off table, the signals Google really uses for country targeting, and the hreflang rules that hold on all three.Updated 25 Sept 2026 - SEO13 min read
Orphan pages: finding them and linking them back in
An orphan page is one no other page on your site links to. Learn how they happen, how to find every one with your sitemap, a crawl and the bulk URL checker, and how to link them back or retire them.Updated 25 Sept 2026 - SEO11 min read
Pagination in 2026: rel=prev/next is gone, what now
Google stopped reading rel=prev/next in 2019 and most pagination advice still assumes it. What page 2 needs now: canonical, title and link rules, WordPress settings, and what to do with load more.Updated 25 Sept 2026 - SEO11 min read
Sitemap index files: splitting large sitemaps the right way
A sitemap stops at 50,000 URLs or 50 MB. This guide shows how to split it into an index with child files by type, date or language, what to leave out, and how WordPress and other CMSs do it for you.Updated 25 Sept 2026 - SEO13 min read
Soft 404s: pages Google treats as missing even though they return 200
A soft 404 is a page that says "not found" or shows nothing while answering HTTP 200. Learn how Google spots them, how to find yours with Search Console and the report, and the fix for each cause.Updated 25 Sept 2026 - SEO13 min read
Structured navigation for large sites: hubs, breadcrumbs, link depth
Organise a site of thousands of pages so every page is a few clicks from home, with hub pages, breadcrumbs, crawlable pagination and the sitemap as a backstop, then audit it page by page.Updated 25 Sept 2026 - SEO13 min read
Thin content: what it is and when short pages are fine
Thin content is about value, not word count. Which pages Google considers thin, when a 120-word page is right, how to read the word-count finding, and what to do with archives and doorway pages.Updated 25 Sept 2026 - SEO12 min read
Trailing slashes, www and https: pick one and redirect the rest
Every page can be reached at up to eight addresses. Pick one form, send the other seven to it with one 301, and keep canonical, sitemap and links on it. Configs for nginx, Apache, Caddy and WordPress.Updated 25 Sept 2026 - SEO13 min read
Why is my page not in Google? The indexability checklist
Work through the ten reasons a page stays out of Google in the order that finds the cause fastest, from a leftover noindex to a stray canonical, and confirm the fix in Search Console.Updated 25 Sept 2026 - SEO10 min read
x-default explained: the hreflang fallback for unmatched visitors
x-default names the page Google shows when no language or region in your hreflang set matches the searcher. Learn when to use it, which page it should point at, and how to write it correctly.Updated 25 Sept 2026
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